What is VBA FileSystemObject (FSO)?

What is VBA FileSystemObject (FSO)?

FileSystemObject (FSO) allows you to access the file system of your computer. Using it, you can access and modify the files/folders/directories in your computer system.

For example, below are some of the things you can do by using FileSystemObject in Excel VBA:

• Check if a file or a folder exists.
• Create or rename folders/files.
• Get a list of all the file names (or sub-folder names) in a folder.
• Copy files from one folder to another.

I hope you get the idea.

I will cover all these above examples (plus more) later in this tutorial.

While some of the things mentioned above can also be done using traditional VBA functions (such as the DIR function) and methods, that would lead to longer and more complicated codes. FileSystemObject makes it easy to work with files and folders while keeping the code clean and short.

Note: FSO can only be used in Excel 2000 and later versions.

What All Objects Can You Access Through FileSystemObject?

As I mentioned above, you can access and modify files and folders using the FileSystemObject in VBA.

Below is a table that shows the most important objects that you can access and modify using FSO:

Object	Description
Drive	Drive Object allows you to get information about the drive such as whether it exists or not, it’s path name, drive type (removable or fixed), it’s size, etc.
Folder	Folder object allows you to create or modify folders in your system. For example, you can create, delete, rename, copy folders using this object.
File	File Object allows you to work with files in your system. For example, you can create, open, copy, move, and delete files using this object.
TextStream	TextStream object allows you to create or read text files.

Each of the above objects has methods that you can use to work with these.

To give you an example, if you want to delete a folder, you will use the DeleteFolder method of the Folder object. Similarly, if you want to copy a file, you will use the CopyFile method of the File object.

Don’t worry if this seems overwhelming or hard to understand. You will get a much better understanding when you go through the examples that I have covered in this tutorial.

Just for the reference purpose, I have covered all the FileSystemObject methods (for each object) at the end of this tutorial.

Enabling FileSystemObject in Excel VBA

FileSystemObject is not available by default in the Excel VBA.

Since we are dealing with files and folders that are outside of the Excel application, we need to first create a reference to the library that holds these objects (drives, files, folders).

Now there are two ways you can start using FileSystemObject in Excel VBA:

1. Setting the reference to the Microsoft Scripting Runtime Library (Scrrun.dll)
2. Creating an object to refer to the library from the code itself

While both these methods work (and I’ll show you how to do this next), I recommend using the first method.

Note: When you enable FileSystemObject, you can access all the objects in it. This includes the FileSystemObject, Drive, Files, Folders, etc. I will be focussing majorly on the FileSystemObject in this tutorial.

Setting the Reference to the Microsoft Scripting Runtime Library

When you create a reference to the Scripting Runtime Library, you allow Excel VBA the access to all the properties and methods of files and folder. Once this is done, you can refer to the files/folders/drives object from within the Excel VBA (just like you can refer the cells, worksheets or workbooks).

Below are the steps to create a reference to the Microsoft Scripting Runtime Library:

1. In the VB Editor, click on Tools.
2. Click on References.
3. In the References dialog box that opens, scroll through the available references and check the ‘Microsoft Scripting Runtime’ option.
4. Click OK.

The above steps would now allow you to refer to the FSO objects from Excel VBA.

Creating an Instance of FileSystemObject in the Code

Once you have set the reference to the Scripting FileSystemObject library, you need to create an instance of the FSO object in your code.

Once this is created, you can use it in VBA.

Below is the code that will set the object variable MyFSO as a FileSystemObject object:

Sub CreatingFSO()
Dim MyFSO As FileSystemObject
Set MyFSO = New FileSystemObject
End Sub

In this code, first I have declared the variable MyFSO as a FileSystemObject type object. This is possible only because I have created a reference to the Microsoft Scripting Runtime Library. If the reference is not created, this is going to give you an error (as Excel wouldn’t recognize what FileSystemObject means).

In the second line, two things happen:

1. The NEW keyword creates an instance of the FileSystemObject. This means that now I can use all the methods of FileSystemObject to work with files and folders. If you don’t create this instance, you’ll not be able to access the methods of FSO.
2. The SET keyword sets the object MyFSO to this new instance of FileSystemObject. This allows me to use this object to access files and folders. For example, if I need to create a folder, I can use MyFSO.CreateFolder method.

If you want, you can also combine the above two statements into one as shown below:

Sub CreatingFSO()
Dim MyFSO As New FileSystemObject
End Sub

A big benefit of using this method (which is to set the reference to the Microsoft Scripting Runtime Library) is that when you use the FSO objects in your code, you will be able to use the IntelliSense feature that shows the methods and properties associated with an object (as shown below).

This is not possible when you create the reference from within the code (covered next).

Creating an Object from the Code

Another way to create a reference to FSO is by doing it from the code. In this method, you don’t need to create any reference (as done in the previous method).

When you are writing the code, you can create an object from within the code and refer to the Scripting.FileSystemObject.

The below code creates an object FSO and then makes this a FileSystemObject type.

Sub FSODemo()
Dim FSO As Object
Set FSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
End Sub

While this may seem more convenient, a big downside of using this method is that it would not show an IntelliSense when you work with objects in FSO. For me, this is a huge negative and I always recommend using the previous method of enabling FSO (which is by setting the reference to the ‘Microsoft Scripting Runtime’)

VBA FileSystemObject Examples

Now let’s dive in and have a look at some practical examples of using FileSystemObject in Excel.

Example 1: Check if a File or Folder Exists

The following code will check whether the folder with the name ‘Test’ exists or not (in the specified location).

If the folder exists, the IF condition is True and it shows a message – ‘The Folder Exists’ in a message box. And if it doesn’t exist, it shows a message – The Folder Does Not Exist’.

Sub CheckFolderExist()
Dim MyFSO As FileSystemObject
Set MyFSO = New FileSystemObject
If MyFSO.FolderExists("C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Test") Then
    MsgBox "The Folder Exists"
Else
    MsgBox "The Folder Does Not Exist"
End If
End Sub

Similarly, you can also check if a file exists or not.

The below code checks whether there is a file with the name Test.xlsx in the specified folder or not.

Sub CheckFileExist()
Dim MyFSO As FileSystemObject
Set MyFSO = New FileSystemObject
If MyFSO.FileExists("C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Test\Test.xlsx") Then
    MsgBox "The File Exists"
Else
    MsgBox "The File Does Not Exist"
End If
End Sub

Example 2: Create a New Folder in the Specified Location

The below code would create a folder with the name ‘Test’ in the C drive of my system (you will have to specify the path on your system where you want to create the folder).

Sub CreateFolder()
Dim MyFSO As FileSystemObject
Set MyFSO = New FileSystemObject
MyFSO.CreateFolder ("C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Test")
End Sub

While this code works fine, it would show an error in case the folder already exists.

The below code checks whether the folder already exists and creates a folder if it doesn’t. In case the folder already exists, it shows a message. To check whether the folder exists, I have used the FolderExists method of the FSO.

Sub CreateFolder()
Dim MyFSO As FileSystemObject
Set MyFSO = New FileSystemObject
If MyFSO.FolderExists("C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Test") Then
    MsgBox "The Folder Already Exist"
Else
    MyFSO.CreateFolder ("C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Test")
End If
End Sub

Example 3: Get a List of All Files in a Folder

The below code would show the names of all the files in the specified folder.

Sub GetFileNames()
Dim MyFSO As FileSystemObject
Dim MyFile As File
Dim MyFolder As Folder

Set MyFSO = New Scripting.FileSystemObject
Set MyFolder = MyFSO.GetFolder("C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Test")

For Each MyFile In MyFolder.Files
    Debug.Print MyFile.Name
Next MyFile

End Sub

This code is a little more complex that the ones we have already seen.

As I mentioned above in this tutorial, when you reference the ‘Microsoft Scripting Runtime Library’, you can use FileSystemObject as well as all other objects (such as Files and Folders).

In the above code, I use three objects – FileSystemObject, File, and Folder. This allows me to go through each file in the specified folder. I then use the name property to get the list of all file names.

Note that I am using Debug.Print to get the names of all the files. These names will be listed in the immediate window in the VB Editor.

Example 4: Get the List of All Sub-folders in a Folder

The below code will give the names of all the sub-folders in the specified folder. The logic is exactly the same as covered in the above example. Instead of files, in this code, we have used sub-folders.

Sub GetSubFolderNames()
Dim MyFSO As FileSystemObject
Dim MyFile As File
Dim MyFolder As Folder
Dim MySubFolder As Folder

Set MyFSO = New Scripting.FileSystemObject
Set MyFolder = MyFSO.GetFolder("C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Test")

For Each MySubFolder In MyFolder.SubFolders
    Debug.Print MySubFolder.Name
Next MySubFolder

End Sub

Example 5: Copy a File from One Place to Another

The below code will copy the file from ‘Source’ folder and copy it to the ‘Destination’ folder.

Sub CopyFile()
Dim MyFSO As FileSystemObject
Dim SourceFile As String
Dim DestinationFolder As String
Set MyFSO = New Scripting.FileSystemObject

SourceFile = "C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Source\SampleFile.xlsx"
DestinationFolder = "C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Destination"

MyFSO.CopyFile Source:=SourceFile, Destination:=DestinationFolder & "\SampleFileCopy.xlsx"

End Sub

In the above code, I have used two variables – SourceFile and DestinationFolder.

Source File holds the address of the file I want to copy and the DestinationFolder variable holds the address to the folder I want the file to be copied to.

Note that it’s not sufficient to give the destination folder name when you’re copying a file. You also need to specify the file name. You can use the same file name or can also change it. In the above example, I copied the file and named it SampleFileCopy.xlsx

Example 6: Copy All Files From One Folder to Another

The below code will copy all the files from the Source folder to the destination folder.

Sub CopyAllFiles()
Dim MyFSO As FileSystemObject
Dim MyFile As File
Dim SourceFolder As String
Dim DestinationFolder As String
Dim MyFolder As Folder
Dim MySubFolder As Folder

SourceFolder = "C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Source"
DestinationFolder = "C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Destination"

Set MyFSO = New Scripting.FileSystemObject
Set MyFolder = MyFSO.GetFolder(SourceFolder)

For Each MyFile In MyFolder.Files
    MyFSO.CopyFile Source:=MyFSO.GetFile(MyFile), _
    Destination:=DestinationFolder & "\" & MyFile.Name, Overwritefiles:=False
Next MyFile

End Sub

The above code will copy all the files from the Source folder to the Destination Folder.

Note that in the MyFSO.CopyFile method, I have specified the ‘Overwritefiles’ property to be False (this is True by default). This makes sure that in case you already have the file in the folder, it’s not copied (and you will see an error). If you remove ‘Overwritefiles’ or set this to True, in case there are files in the destination folder with the same name, these would be overwritten.

Pro Tip: When copying files, there is always a chance of overwriting files. A good idea, in this case, is to add the timestamp along with the name. This will ensure that the names are always different and you can easily track which files were copied at what time.

If you want to copy the files of a certain extension only, you can do that by using an IF Then statement to check whether the extension is xlsx or not.

Sub CopyExcelFilesOnly()
Dim MyFSO As FileSystemObject
Dim MyFile As File
Dim SourceFolder As String
Dim DestinationFolder As String
Dim MyFolder As Folder
Dim MySubFolder As Folder

SourceFolder = "C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Source"
DestinationFolder = "C:\Users\sumit\Desktop\Destination"

Set MyFSO = New Scripting.FileSystemObject
Set MyFolder = MyFSO.GetFolder(SourceFolder)

For Each MyFile In MyFolder.Files
    If MyFSO.GetExtensionName(MyFile) = "xlsx" Then
        MyFSO.CopyFile Source:=MyFSO.GetFile(MyFile), _
        Destination:=DestinationFolder & "\" & MyFile.Name, Overwritefiles:=False
    End If
Next MyFile

End Sub

FileSystemObject (FSO) Methods

Here are the methods that you can use for each object. This is just for reference purpose and doesn’t worry about it too much. The usage of some of these has been shown in the examples covered above.

FSO Methods	For Object	Description
DriveExists	Drive	Checks whether the drive exists or not
GetDrive	Drive	Returns an instance of the drive object based on the specified path
GetDriveName	Drive	Reruns the drive name
BuildPath	File/Folder	Generate a path from an existing path and a name
CopyFile	File/Folder	Copies a file
GetAbsolutePathName	File/Folder	Return the canonical representation of the path
GetBaseName	File/Folder	Return base name from a path. For example, “D:\TestFolder\TestFile.xlsm” will return TextFile.xlsm
GetTempName	File/Folder	Generate name that can be used to name a temporary file
CopyFolder	Folder	Copies a folder from one location to other
CreateFolder	Folder	Creates a new folder
DeleteFolder	Folder	Deletes the specified folder
FolderExists	Folder	Checks whether the Folder exists or not
GetFolder	Folder	Returns an instance of the folder object based on the specified path
GetParentFolderName	Folder	Retruns the name of the parent folder based on the specified path
GetSpecialFolder	Folder	Get the location of various system folders.
MoveFolder	Folder	Moves a folder from one location to other
DeleteFile	File	Deletes a file
FileExists	File	Checks if a file exists or not
GetExtensionName	File	Returns the file extension
GetFile	File	Returns the instance of a file object based on the specified path
GetFileName	File	Returns the file name
GetFileVersion	File	Returns the file version
MoveFile	File	Moves a file
CreateTextFile	File	Creates a text file
GetStandardStream	File	Retrieve the standard input, output or error stream
OpenTextFile	File	Open a file as a TextStream

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