Excel VBA MsgBox [Message Box] – All You Need to Know!

Excel VBA, you can use the MsgBox function to display a message box (as shown below):

A MsgBox is nothing but a dialog box that you can use to inform your users by showing a custom message or get some basic inputs (such as Yes/No or OK/Cancel).

While the MsgBox dialog box is displayed, your VBA code is halted. You need to click any of the buttons in the MsgBox to run the remaining VBA code.

Note: In this tutorial, I will be using the words message box and MsgBox interchangeably. When working with Excel VBA, you always need to use MsgBox.

This Tutorial Covers:

• Anatomy of a VBA MsgBox in Excel
• Syntax of the VBA MsgBox Function
• Excel VBA MsgBox Button Constants (Examples)
• Excel VBA MsgBox Icon Constants (Examples)
• Customizing Title and Prompt in the MsgBox
• Assigning MsgBox Value to a Variable

Anatomy of a VBA MsgBox in Excel

A message box has the following parts:

1. Title: This is typically used to display what the message box is about. If you don’t specify anything, it displays the application name – which is Microsoft Excel in this case.
2. Prompt: This is the message that you want to display. You can use this space to write a couple of lines or even display tables/data here.
3. Button(s): While OK is the default button, you can customize it to show buttons such as Yes/No, Yes/No/Cancel, Retry/Ignore, etc.
4. Close Icon: You can close the message box by clicking on the close icon.

Syntax of the VBA MsgBox Function

As I mentioned, MsgBox is a function and has a syntax similar to other VBA functions.

MsgBox( prompt [, buttons ] [, title ] [, helpfile, context ] )

• prompt – This is a required argument. It displays the message that you see in the MsgBox. In our example, the text “This is a sample MsgBox” is the ‘prompt’. You can use up to 1024 characters in the prompt, and can also use it to display the values of variables. In case you want to show a prompt that has multiple lines, you can do that as well (more on this later in this tutorial).
• [buttons] – It determines what buttons and icons are displayed in the MsgBox. For example, if I use vbOkOnly, it will show only the OK button, and if I use vbOKCancel, it will show both the OK and Cancel buttons. I will cover different kinds of buttons later in this tutorial.
• [title] – Here you can specify what caption you want in the message dialog box. This is displayed in the title bar of the MsgBox. If you don’t specify anything, it will show the name of the application.
• [helpfile] – You can specify a help file that can be accessed when a user clicks on the Help button. The help button would appear only when you use the button code for it. If you’re using a help file, you also need to also specify the context argument.
• [context] – It is a numeric expression that is the Help context number assigned to the appropriate Help topic.

If you’re new to the concept of Msgbox, feel free to ignore the [helpfile] and [context] arguments. I have rarely seen these being used.

Note: All the arguments in square brackets are optional. Only the ‘prompt’ argument is mandatory.

Excel VBA MsgBox Button Constants (Examples)

In this section, I will cover the different types of buttons that you can use with a VBA MsgBox.

Before I show you the VBA code for it and how the MsgBox looks, here is a table that lists all the different button constants you can use.

Button Constant	Description
vbOKOnly	Shows only the OK button
vbOKCancel	Shows the OK and Cancel buttons
vbAbortRetryIgnore	Shows the Abort, Retry, and Ignore buttons
vbYesNo	Shows the Yes and No buttons
vbYesNoCancel	Shows the Yes, No, and Cancel buttons
vbRetryCancel	Shows the Retry and Cancel buttons
vbMsgBoxHelpButton	Shows the Help button. For this to work, you need to use the help and context arguments in the MsgBox function
vbDefaultButton1	Makes the first button default. You can change the number to change the default button. For example, vbDefaultButton2 makes the second button as the default

Note: While going through the examples of creating different buttons, you may wonder what’s the point of having these buttons if it doesn’t have any impact on the code.

It does! Based on the selection, you can code what you want the code to do. For example, if you select OK, the code should continue, and if you click Cancel, the code should stop. This can be done by using variables and assigning the value of the Message Box to a variable. We will cover this in the later sections of this tutorial.

Now let’s have a look at some examples of how the different buttons can be displayed in a MsgBox and how it looks.

MsgBox Buttons – vbOKOnly (Default)

If you only use the prompt and don’t specify any of the arguments, you will get the default message box as shown below:

Below is the code that will give this message box:

Sub DefaultMsgBox()
MsgBox "This is a sample box"
End Sub

Note that the text string needs to be in double quotes.

You can also use the button constant vbOKOnly, but even if you don’t specify anything, it’s taken as default.

MsgBox Buttons – OK & Cancel

If you only want to show the OK and the Cancel button, you need to use the vbOKCancel constant.

Sub MsgBoxOKCancel()
MsgBox "Want to Continue?", vbOKCancel
End Sub

MsgBox Buttons – Abort, Retry, and Ignore

You can use the ‘vbAbortRetryIgnore’ constant to show the Abort, Retry, and the Ignore buttons.

Sub MsgBoxAbortRetryIgnore()
MsgBox "What do you want to do?", vbAbortRetryIgnore
End Sub

MsgBox Buttons – Yes and No

You can use the ‘vbYesNo’ constant to show the Yes and No buttons.

Sub MsgBoxYesNo()
MsgBox "Should we stop?", vbYesNo
End Sub

MsgBox Buttons – Yes, No and Cancel

You can use the ‘vbYesNoCancel’ constant to show the Yes, No, and Cancel buttons.

Sub MsgBoxYesNoCancel()
MsgBox "Should we stop?", vbYesNoCancel
End Sub

MsgBox Buttons – Retry and Cancel

You can use the ‘vbRetryCancel’ constant to show the Retry and Cancel buttons.

Sub MsgBoxRetryCancel()
MsgBox "What do you want to do next?", vbRetryCancel
End Sub

MsgBox Buttons – Help Button

You can use the ‘vbMsgBoxHelpButton’ constant to show the help button. You can use it with other button constants.

Sub MsgBoxRetryHelp()
MsgBox "What do you want to do next?", vbRetryCancel + vbMsgBoxHelpButton
End Sub

Note that in this code, we have combined two different button constants (vbRetryCancel + vbMsgBoxHelpButton). The first part shows the Retry and Cancel buttons and the second part shows the Help button.

MsgBox Buttons – Setting a Default Button

You can use the ‘vbDefaultButton1’ constant to set the first button as default. This means that the button is already selected and if you press enter, it executes that button.

Below is the code that will set the second button (the ‘No’ button) as the default.

Sub MsgBoxOKCancel()
MsgBox "What do you want to do next?", vbYesNoCancel + vbDefaultButton2
End Sub

In most cases, the left-most button is the default button. You can choose other buttons using vbDefaultButton2, vbDefaultButton3, and vbDefaultButton4.

Excel VBA MsgBox Icon Constants (Examples)

Apart from the buttons, you can also customize the icons that are displayed in the MsgBox dialog box. For example, you can have a red critical icon or a blue information icon.

Below is a table that lists the code that will show the corresponding icon.

Icon Constant	Description
vbCritical	Shows the critical message icon
vbQuestion	Shows the question icon
vbExclamation	Shows the warning message icon
vbInformation	Shows the information icon

MsgBox Icons – Critical

If you want to show a critical icon in your MsgBox, use the vbCritical constant. You can use this along with other button constants (by putting a + sign in between the codes).

For example, below is a code that will show the default OK button with a critical icon.

Sub MsgBoxCriticalIcon()

MsgBox "This is a sample box", vbCritical
End Sub

If you want to show the critical icon with Yes and No buttons, use the following code:

Sub MsgBoxCriticalIcon()
MsgBox "This is a sample box", vbYesNo + vbCritical
End Sub

MsgBox Icons – Question

If you want to show a critical icon in your MsgBox, use the vbQuestion constant.

Sub MsgBoxQuestionIcon()
MsgBox "This is a sample box", vbYesNo + vbQuestion
End Sub

MsgBox Icons – Exclamation

If you want to show an exclamation icon in your MsgBox, use the vbExclamation constant.

Sub MsgBoxExclamationIcon()
MsgBox "This is a sample box", vbYesNo + vbExclamation
End Sub

MsgBox Icons – Information

If you want to show an information icon in your MsgBox, use the vbInformation constant.

Sub MsgBoxInformationIcon()
MsgBox "This is a sample box", vbYesNo + vbInformation
End Sub

Customizing Title and Prompt in the MsgBox

When using MsgBox, you can customize the title and the prompt messages.

So far, the example we have seen have used Microsoft Excel as the title. In case you don’t specify the title argument, MsgBox automatically uses the title of the application (which has been Microsoft Excel in this case).You can customize the title by specifying it in the code as shown below:

Sub MsgBoxInformationIcon()
MsgBox "Do you want to continue?", vbYesNo + vbQuestion, "Step 1 of 3"
End Sub

Similarly, you can also customize the prompt message.

You can also add line breaks in the prompt message.

In the below code, I have added a line break using ‘vbNewLine’.

Sub MsgBoxInformationIcon()
MsgBox "Do you want to continue?" & vbNewLine & "Click Yes to Continue", vbYesNo + vbQuestion, "Step 1 of 3"
End Sub

You can also use the carriage return character – Chr(13) – or line feed – Chr(10) to insert a new line in the prompt message.

Note that you can add a new line to the prompt message only and not the title.

Assigning MsgBox Value to a Variable

So far, we have seen the examples where we have created message boxes and customized the buttons, icons, title, and prompt.

However, clicking a button has done nothing.

With MsgBox function in Excel, you can decide what you want to do when a user clicks a specific button. And this is possible as every button has a value associated to it.

So if I click on the Yes button, the MsgBox function returns a value (6 or the constant vbYes) which I can use in my code. Similarly, is the user selects the No button, it returns a different value ((7 or the constant vbNo)) that I can use in the code.

Below is a table that shows the exact values and the constant returned by the MsgBox function. You don’t need to memorize these, just be aware of it and you can use the constants which are easier to use.

Button Clicked	Constant	Value
Ok	vbOk	1
Cancel	vbCancel	2
Abort	vbAbort	3
Retry	vbRetry	4
Ignore	vbIgnore	5
Yes	vbYes	6
No	vbNo	7

Now let’s see how we can control the VBA macro code based on what button a user clicks.

In the below code, if the user clicks Yes, it displays the message “You Clicked Yes”, and if the user clicks No, it displays, “You clicked No”.

Sub MsgBoxInformationIcon()
Result = MsgBox("Do you want to continue?", vbYesNo + vbQuestion)
If Result = vbYes Then
MsgBox "You clicked Yes"
Else: MsgBox "You clicked No"
End If
End Sub

In the above code, I have assigned the value of the MsgBox function to the Result variable. When you click Yes button, the Result variable gets the vbYes constant (or the number 6) and when you click No, the Result variable gets the vbNo constant (or the number 7).

Then I used an If Then Else construct to check if the Result variable holds the value vbYes. If it does, it shows the prompt “You Clicked Yes”, else it shows “You clicked No”.

You can use the same concept to run a code if a user clicks Yes and exit the sub when he/she clicks No.

Note: When you assign the MsgBox output to a variable, you need to put the arguments of MsgBox function in parenthesis. For example, in the line Result = MsgBox(“Do you want to continue?”, vbYesNo + vbQuestion), you can see that the arguments are within parenthesis.

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